网络安全等级保护测评中测评结论的度量方法优化

文章分析了网络安全等级保护2.0时期国家标准的新变化对等级测评结论可能产生的影响,并用实际案例和数据论述了以往描述的基于测评指标和基于测评对象的定量分析方法存在的局限性。根据网络安全等级保护国家标准结构和内容的新特点,结合新的等级测评结论表述方法,文章提出了调整和优化定量计算产生等级测评结论的思路,给出了缺陷扣分的原理和缺陷扣分的定量计算方法,并比较了各种定量计算方法在计算结果上的差异,提出了适合新标准的测评结论定量计算公式。     

In vitro model to assess the adsorption of oral veterinary drugs to mycotoxin binders in a feed- and aflatoxin B1-containing buffered matrix

Mycotoxin binders are feed additives which are mixed in the feed to adsorb mycotoxins and thereby reducing their toxic effects on animals. Interactions with orally administered veterinary medicinal products, such as antimicrobials or coccidiostats, have been reported previously. This paper describes an in vitro model to screen the interaction between mycotoxin binders and veterinary drugs with respect to the non-specific binding of drugs. It is designed as a static setup using a single concentration of drug and binder in a feed-containing or a feed-plus-mycotoxin-containing matrix, buffered at different pH values. The model was applied to two frequently used antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, doxycycline (DOX) and tylosin (TYL), one major mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and four mycotoxin binders. Proportions of feed, DOX or TYL, AFB1, and binder are equivalent to the in vivo situation for broiler chickens, while pH and volume of the buffer are representative of the gastrointestinal tract of chickens. A substantial binding of DOX (~ 88%) and TYL (~ 66%) to the feed-matrix was observed. For the mycotoxin binders, similar results were obtained for DOX and TYL; more specifically up to an inclusion rate of 20 g binder/kg feed, no significant binding was demonstrated, determined as the free concentration of DOX and TYL. A single exception was noticed for TYL and one specific bentonite-based mycotoxin binder, for which no significant interaction could be demonstrated up to 10 g binder/kg but there was an effect at 20 g/kg. In all cases, there was no competition between the tested drugs DOX or TYL and the mycotoxin AFB1 for binding to the bentonite-based mycotoxin binder.     

Inherent safer design for chemical process of 1,4-dioldiacetate-2-butene oxidized by ozone

Abstract

Oxidation reaction is the typical thermal runaway reaction, and the reaction of 1, 4-dioldiacetate-2-Butene oxidized by ozone was investigated in this study. Firstly, the thermal hazards of the oxidative exothermic reactions were identified and evaluated combined process risk assessment method. The Qualitative Assessment for Inherently Safer Design (QAISD) was used to identify the risk of the reaction process. Meanwhile, the Reaction Calorimeter (RC1^e) was used to obtain the thermal properties of the oxidation reaction. Then the inherent safer designs (ISD) were proposed according to the risk assessment results to increase the level of safety of chemical industry technique. 1) ISD I: reaction temperature was improved to –5?°C, and ventilation rate was improved to 200?L?h^?1. 2) ISDII: using a tubular reactor as reaction vessel. The results indicated that the severity of the reaction hazard was reduced by 43%, and safety was improved significantly via two ISDs. Moreover, the inherent safety level of the reaction was increased by 63% and 43.4% via ISD Iand II, respectively. The reaction process get closer to inherent safety theories of “minimize,” “substitute,” and “moderate”.     

Food recognition using neural network classifier and multiple hypotheses image segmentation

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes the multiple-hypotheses image segmentation and feed-forward neural network classifier for food recognition to improve the performance. Initially, the food or meal image is given as input. Then, the segmentation is applied to identify the regions, where a particular food item is located using salient region detection, multi-scale segmentation, and fast rejection. Then, the features of every food item are extracted by the global feature and local feature extraction. After the features are obtained, the classification is performed for each segmented region using a feed-forward neural network model. Finally, the calorie value is computed with the aid of (i) food volume and (ii) calorie and nutrition measure based on mass value. The experimental results and performance evaluation are validated. The outcome of the proposed method attains 0.947 for Macro Average Accuracy (MAA) and 0.959 for Standard Accuracy (SA), which provides better classification performance.     

辉县部分景区地质灾害危险性评估及防治措施研究

为了给辉县景区减灾防灾提供地质依据,根据实际工程概况,研究了辉县部分景区地质灾害危险性预测评估及防治措施,预测评估了工程建设中、建设后可能引发或加剧地质灾害危险性,建设工程自身可能遭受已存在地质灾害危险性;评估了地质灾害危险性综合分区以及根据地质灾害危险性、防治难度和防治效益,对评估区适宜性作出评价,提出了防治地质灾害的措施和建议。     

Evaluation of fumonisin exposure by determination of fumonisin B1 in human hair and in Brazilian corn products

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary exposure to fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) through determination of residual FB₁ in hair and corn products consumed by 56 volunteers from Pirassununga and Erval Velho, Brazil. Data from FB₁ analyses in corn products and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were used for estimating the mean probable daily intake (PDI_M) for FB₁. FB₁ was detected in 4 human hair samples (7.2%), at a mean level of 21.3 ± 12.1 ng g⁻¹. The mean FB₁ level found in corn products was 360.4 ± 555.1 μg kg⁻¹. The PDI_M value of FB₁ in volunteers was 159 ± 47 ng kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ which represents 7.9% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) recommended for fumonisins. The FB₁ levels found in human hair samples from each volunteer were associated with their individual PDI of FB₁, indicating that exposure to FB₁ in the sample studied do not represent a health concern. This is the first report on the incidence of FB₁ in individual human hair in Brazil.     

Sustainability impact assessment for local energy supplies' development – The case of the alpine area of Lake Como,Italy

The development of distributed energy systems has important environmental, social and economic implications. Local decision-making processes must be guided by a careful evaluation of the sustainability of production chains and alternative choices. The aim of this study is to explore if and how an integrated assessment can quantify the extent to which bioenergy supply chain development contributes to rural development and energy policy objectives. We applied a Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) for local bioenergy development in the alpine area of Lake Como (Italy). We modeled the local bioenergy chain in 2008 and eleven scenarios considering different biomass utilizations, mechanization levels, combustion technologies, and subsidies schemes at 2020. We calculated economic, social and environmental indicators. We interpret and discuss the scenario analysis in order to support the bioenergy planning under the light of its implications for the different policy aims and concerns.     

A methodology to assess suitability of a site for small scale wet and dry CSP systems

This study presents a methodology to assess suitability of a site for small scale concentrated solar power (CSP) systems for its energy conversion efficiency and make‐up water requirement. Energy conversion efficiency of CSPs relies not only on the level of direct solar radiation but also on the performance of the cooling system. Regions with high solar potential have to deal with heat rejection at elevated temperatures which causes reduced energy conversion efficiencies due to high condenser temperatures. It is desirable to utilize wet cooling systems as they can achieve temperatures lower than the dry bulb temperature by evaporative cooling. On the other hand, such regions usually lack water resources which deteriorate the sustainable nature of CSP applications. This study combines various available models for both solar resource estimation and cooling systems' performance considering (i) the influence of ambient temperatures, and (ii) the influence of humidity levels. These models are integrated together to analyze the use of dry or wet cooling systems in terms of overall energy output and water consumption at a selected site in northern Cyprus. The model inputs consist of only annual hourly surface weather data and the location of the site of interest. The results show that dry cooling unit at northern Cyprus is capable of saving water about 18.7 ton/MWh while it produces 27% less energy compared to the wet cooling alternative for the representative annual weather data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A terrain risk assessment method for military surveillance applications for mobile assets

This study proposes an analytical and flexible terrain risk assessment method for military surveillance applications for mobile assets. Considering the risk as the degree of possibility of insurgent presence, the assessment method offers an efficient evaluation of risk in the surrounding terrain for military combat operating posts or observation posts. The method is designed for unmanned aerial vehicles as the surveillance assets of choice to improve the effectiveness of their use. Starting with the area map and geographical data, the target terrain is first digitized for space representation. Then the data of nine geographical parameters are used to formulate five contributing risk factors. These factors are incorporated in an analytical framework to generate a composite map with risk scores that reveal the potential high-risk spots in the terrain. The proposed method is also applied to a real-life case study of COP Kahler in Afghanistan, which was a target for insurgent attacks in 2008. The results confirm that when evaluated with the developed method, the region that the insurgents used to approach COP Kahler has high concentration of high-risk cells.     

Critical Assessment 9: Wrought magnesium alloys

This assessment is focussed on wrought magnesium alloys for lightweight applications, particularly in the transport sector. The challenges to their wider use are summarised, including poor low temperature formability, corrosion issues, dissimilar metal joining, and limited precipitation strengthening. The fundamental origins of these challenges, and current research to address them, are highlighted. Key developments such as the use of dilute rare earth additions to manipulate texture for improved formability are discussed. Opportunities to exploit the unique properties of wrought magnesium alloys where further research is required are identified.